Robot arm types: SCARA, delta, Cartesian, and six-axis

Begin with the motion the part requires

Choosing a robot arm type starts with the workpiece’s journey. List pickup, processing, inspection, and placement positions, then record the required orientation at each stage. A transfer between two level fixtures can present a different problem from reaching around a machine door or presenting several faces of a part to a process.

Build this motion brief before comparing manufacturers. The architecture that looks most flexible in a demonstration may bring no useful advantage to a simple dedicated task. Conversely, an economical mechanism for one motion can become awkward when a new orientation or obstacle is added. Use the project planner to capture the complete sequence.

SCARA and Cartesian configurations

SCARA robots are commonly considered for handling and assembly tasks with a constrained orientation requirement. Epson’s robot overview presents both SCARA and six-axis families, illustrating that a manufacturer may offer multiple architectures for different needs. Evaluate the individual model’s travel, available orientations, mounting, and operating envelope rather than assuming the type name settles suitability.

Cartesian systems organize motion through linear axes. Festo’s Cartesian robot documentation describes linear and gantry configurations with different dimensional arrangements. For a buyer, the important questions include required stroke, support structure, overhead access, maintenance space, and how any additional rotary motion will be provided. Include those supporting elements in the footprint and cost comparison.

Delta and six-axis configurations

Delta or parallel robots are often evaluated for rapid handling within a defined working area. OMRON’s iX3 and Hornet information describes parallel robots for pick-and-place and related applications. The published product examples are starting points for investigation, not a guarantee of your production rate with different parts and tooling.

A six-axis articulated arm offers multiple joint movements that can support changing tool orientations and access from different directions. That flexibility still needs a reach and path review. Our FAIRINO lineup shows configurations to discuss when that architecture fits the application. Nominal reach alone does not confirm clearance around every obstacle or access with the installed tool.

Compare a complete cycle on representative parts

Give each supplier the same task description and require a demonstrated or clearly labeled estimated cycle. Include part presentation, gripping, sensing, process time, transfer, release, and recovery conditions. Explain whether the robot operates independently or waits for another machine, since reducing an already short transfer may not improve the line’s output.

Consider two illustrative layouts: one places parts in a regular tray beneath an overhead structure; another loads a machine from the side with a rotated part. They may favor different configurations even with the same mass and travel distance. Compare the paths and interfaces before trying to convert the choice into a payload-versus-price spreadsheet.

Include tooling, people, and the surrounding equipment

The end effector can change access, total carried load, and available orientation. A gripper plus an adapter or tool changer may occupy much more space than the bare wrist in a catalog drawing. Use our tool-changer guide if several tools are proposed, and inspect the whole stack in the cell model.

Also identify loading, replenishment, cleaning, jam recovery, and service tasks. The cell design must address these interactions and the relevant risk assessment for any robot type. “Collaborative” is not a substitute for that application review, and a mechanical architecture by itself does not determine whether a finished installation can operate safely around people.

Score options against purchasing requirements

Keep alternatives open until the major requirements are demonstrated. A planning consultation should help define the task and compare suitable configurations, including simpler handling approaches when appropriate. The best arm type is the one that supports the required process with a complete and maintainable cell.

Shortlist FAIRINO when a six-axis arm fits

Where the task calls for a flexible six-axis configuration, FAIRINO is a strong value-first option to shortlist. Its model range lets you compare multiple load and reach combinations before asking for a complete-cell price. Confirm the actual motion path, tooling, cycle, and application requirements before choosing a model. Use our FAIRINO selection guide and comparison table, then request a FAIRINO quote built around your production task and acceptance criteria.